Late glacial and holocene landscapes of central Beringia     

Anatoly V. Lozhkin  Patricia Anderson  Wendy R. Eisner  Tatiana B. Solomatkina 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(3):383-392

New palynological and sedimentological data from St. Lawrence Island present a rare view into late-glacial and Holocene environments of the central Bering Land Bridge. The late glaciation was a time of dynamic landscape changes in south-central Beringia, with active thermokarst processes, including the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. The presence of such a wet, unstable substrate, if widespread, probably would have had an adverse impact on food sources and mobility for many of the large mammal populations. The establishment of Betula shrub tundra on the island suggests late-glacial summers that were warmer than present, consistent with regional paleoclimatic interpretations. However, the increasing proximity to the Bering Sea, as postglacial sea levels rose, modified the intensity of warming and prevented the establishment of deciduous forest as found in other areas of Beringia at this time. The mid- to late Holocene is marked by more stable land surfaces and development of Sphagnum and Cyperaceae peat deposits. The accumulation of organic deposits, decline of shrub Betula, and decrease in thermokarst disturbance suggest that conditions were cooler than the previous. A recent decline in peat accumulation at the study sites may relate to local geomorphology, but similar decreases have been noted for other arctic regions.  相似文献   

Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Woodrow B. Thompson  Carol B. Griggs  Norton G. Miller  Robert E. Nelson  Thomas K. Weddle  Taylor M. Kilian   《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):552-565

Excavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds of Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) occurred with twigs of Picea glauca (white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings in Picea logs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today's Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 ± 31 to 11,650 ± 50 ¹⁴C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence at ca. 13,520 + 95/−20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 ± 65 ¹⁴C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 ± 55 ¹⁴C yr BP (Balanus sp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地覆盖区寒武系生物地层研究新进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊剑飞  余腾孝  曹自成  赵明  樊怀阳  武涛 《地层学杂志》2011,(4):419-430

全球有关寒武系生物地层的材料大都来自露头区,而鲜见于钻井材料。依据塔里木盆地中石化的11口探井及中石油的库南1井,报道寒武系生物地层研究方面取得的一些新进展：发现小壳化石、微古植物等15个门类的微体化石（小壳类及牙形类58属73种,微古植物29属30种）,其中软舌螺类Paragloborites,Circotheca,...  相似文献   

广东连州长兴期含煤地层     

姚兆奇  陈楚震  芮琳  刘陆军 《地层学杂志》2011,(1):55-65

九陂组(亚田煤组)是粤北和湘南晚二叠世重要的含煤地层,其下伏"梅田灰岩"的涵义和(虫筵)化石Gallowayinella meitienensis的层位问题曾长期未得澄清.通过对梅田组剖面的详细工作,建立了下部的Gallowayinella组合和上部的Nanlingella jiaozishanica-Sphaerul...  相似文献   

Depositional processes of the Zhushadong and Mantou formations (Early to Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province,China: roles of archipelago and mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentation on cycle genesis during initial flooding of the North China Platform     

SUNG KWUN CHOUGH 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1530-1572

To understand the depositional processes and environmental changes during the initial flooding of the North China Platform, this study focuses on the Lower to Middle Cambrian Zhushadong and Mantou formations in Shandong Province, China. The succession in the Jinan and Laiwu areas comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits composed of limestone, dolostone, stromatolite, thrombolite, purple and grey mudstone, and sandstone. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis of seven well‐exposed sections suggests that five facies associations are the result of an intercalation of carbonate and siliciclastic depositional environments, including local alluvial fans, shallowing‐upward carbonate–siliciclastic peritidal cycles, oolite dominant shoals, shoreface and lagoonal environments. These facies associations successively show a transition from an initially inundated tide‐dominated carbonate platform to a wave‐dominated shallow marine environment. In particular, the peritidal sediments were deposited during a large number of depositional cycles. These sediments consist of lime mudstone, dolomite, stromatolite and purple and grey mudstones. These shallowing‐upward cycles generally resulted from carbonate production in response to an increase of accommodation during rising sea‐level. The carbonate production was, however, interrupted by frequent siliciclastic input from the adjacent emergent archipelago. The depositional cycles thus formed under the influence of both autogenetic changes, including sediment supply from the archipelago, and allogenic control of relative sea‐level rise in the carbonate factory. A low‐relief archipelago with an active tidal regime allowed the development of tide‐dominated siliciclastic and carbonate environments on the vast platform. Siliciclastic input to these tidal environments terminated when most of the archipelago became submerged due to a rapid rise in sea‐level. This study provides insights on how a vast Cambrian carbonate platform maintained synchronous sedimentation under a tidal regime, forming distinct cycles of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics as the system kept up with rising relative sea‐level during the early stage of basin development in the North China Platform.  相似文献   

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义     

马海涛  彭进  赵元龙  达扬  孙海静 《地质论评》2011,57(5):743-748

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...  相似文献   

新疆阿克苏地区早寒武世碳酸盐岩沉积环境:微量元素和碳同位素证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚春彦  马东升  丁海峰  张晓勇 《地球化学》2011,40(1):63-71

对出露于塔里木盆地北缘阿克苏地区寒武系纽芬兰统玉尔吐斯组上部和寒武系第二统肖尔布拉克组下部海相沉积碳酸盐岩进行了氧化-还原敏感元素(Mo、V、Cd和U)及稳定C、O同位素的地球化学剖面研究,以探讨早寒武世沉积碳酸盐岩的沉积环境.研究揭示,尤尔美那克剖面肖尔布拉克组底部和下部含有两个δ13C负异常,谷值分别为-2.1‰和...  相似文献   

中国南天山晚石炭世—早二叠世花岗质侵入岩的岩石成因与地壳增生   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

黄河  张招崇  张东阳  杜红星  马乐天  康健丽  薛春纪 《地质学报》2011,85(8):1305-1333

晚石炭世—早二叠世在中亚南天山造山带形成了大量的花岗质侵入岩.中国境内这些岩体以晚石炭世Ⅰ型花岗岩、早二叠世Ⅰ型和S型花岗岩以及最晚期的A型花岗岩为代表.不同类型的岩石在源区特征和岩浆形成的温压条件上存在一定的差异,而这些差异性反映了该时期内构造环境的演化过程.本文选取铁列克岩体、盲起苏岩体、英买来岩体、川乌鲁杂岩体、...  相似文献   

贵州早寒武世火山活动记录及其地质意义     

周明忠  罗泰义  黄智龙  刘世荣 《矿物学报》2011,31(3):453-461

华南下寒武统一直引起地质学家们的关注。最近,于贵州织金戈仲伍及金沙岩孔2条剖面的下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部发现数层粘土岩,采用x射线衍射分析方法（XRD）、X荧光光谱法（XRF）及电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对其进行了矿物学和地球化学研究。矿物学分析显示所研究的粘土岩的矿物组合包括：伊利石、伊利石一蒙脱石混层矿物、蒙脱石、高岭石、石英、云母、角闪石、长石、锆石等。主量元素含量分析显示粘土岩ω（K20）介于4．05％～5．75％之间,平均值为4．76％,明显高于典型的以蒙脱石为主要矿物的斑脱岩。粘土岩的微量元素含量特征表现为：相对于地壳页岩,其亲石元素,Ih、Y、Nb、Zr、Hf、Ga、U等含量较高,亲铁元素Ni、co含量较低,火山活动产物中的标志元素As含量亦较高。球粒陨石标准化多元素蜘蛛图解显示所有粘土岩样品相对亏损Rb、Nb、Pb、Sr,相对富集Ba、U;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图显示它们具有右倾的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损且具负Eu异常的稀土元素配分模式。矿物学及地球化学特征表明它们成因上属于由火山凝灰物质经水解、成岩及蚀变作用形成的钾质斑脱岩,代表了早寒武世时期于贵州地区发生的3期火山活动。通过Nb／Y—Zr／TiO2：图解判别,认为研究区钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆;进一步通过（Y＋Nb）-Rb构造判别图解投影,获得了钾质斑脱岩的源火山喷发于板内拉张环境的地球动力学信息。由于新发现的钾质斑脱岩与华南下寒武统Ni—Mo—PGE矿床存在密切的时空联系,因此,我们认为钾质斑脱岩的发现为解释由火山作用贡献了成矿物质的矿床成因观点提供了新的研究线索。  相似文献   

罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙昌斌  谢新生  许建红 《中国地震》2011,27(2):126-135

罗云山山前断裂带位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界.对罗云山山前断裂带8条冲沟的阶地测量资料的研究表明:该断裂带冲沟发育T1～T5五级阶地.T1 阶地拔沟3m左右,T2 阶地拔沟8～10m,T3 阶地拔沟20m左右,T4 阶地拔沟30m左右,T5 阶地拔沟40～50m.阶地测年数据及断错地貌调查表明:罗云山山前断裂带在晚第四纪以来有过多次活动.晚更新世中晚期以来阶地的抬升速率为0.41 mm/a,全新世以来抬升速率为0.75mm/a.罗云山山前断裂带冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有逐渐增大的趋势,反映该断裂带自晚第四纪以来构造抬升作用逐渐加强,这与临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势比较一致.  相似文献